Field Measurements I

The site of Grangettes, registered as a natural reserve of national and international importance for waterfowl and migratory birds, is the last part of the Swiss lakeshore of Lake Geneva that remains natural. Because of repetitive localized dredging activities of the shoreline since the last century, a severe withdraw of the coastline and its associated natural values has been observed between 1964 and 2001 close to the « Gros Brasset » dredge pit. 
To prevent further erosion and even to reconstruct part of the shoreline, erosion mitigation measures have been numerically modelled, optimized, applied and monitored by the cantonal authorities through an evolutive process. Since 8 years, the shoreline bottom has been reconstructed by sediment deposition in critical areas and continuously monitored.
This paper presents the mitigation measures from their initial design to their in-situ application and points out their influence on the waves and sediment transport near the shoreline. 

The increasing interest in marine renewable energy has led to the development of the first Italian lab in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Naples harbour: the Marine Renewable Energy Lab (MaRELab), resulting from a collaboration between the Italian CNR and the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli".
In this work, the design and the realization of MaRELab, including the offshore structures tested or to be installed in the near future, such as an intermediate-scale prototype of floating wind turbine and the OBREC device, are described.
The experimental set-up here presented emphasizes the key role of MaRELab in testing medium to full-scale innovative devices, considering that the meteo-climatic conditions of the Mediterranean region significantly differ from those experienced in oceans or northern seas. In this way, MaRELab represents an optimal solution to enable a risk-reduction strategy for stakeholders in the sector.

Monitoring SSC can be challenging as direct sampling methods are labour intensive and indirect measurements are sensitive to changes in particle properties. Regardless, using ADCPs to predict SSC is promising because of the possibility to capture transport by combining with flow measurements. To reduce sensitivity to changing particle size, a methodology is proposed where acoustic particle radius is derived using multi-frequency backscatter obtained with a Nortek Signature1000 ADCP equipped with a vertical beam echosounder. Considering acoustic particle radii in an adapted backscatter-SSC model shows promising improvement in correlations with water sample reference measurements compared to the traditional single frequency approach based on a field test. Follow-up assessment is required to overcome limitations in dataset sample size and to investigate further improvements. Still, application of the method can significantly enhance capability of ADCPs predicting SSC and the ability to monitor suspended sediment transport using a single instrument.