Two unique physical models of vegetated channels were executed to investigate flow exchange near vegetation: a small-scale experiment at TU Delft Water Lab and a large-scale experiment at the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology - River Experiment Center (KICT-REC). These experiments, conducted with and without vegetation, were complemented by numerical models constructed using Delft3D, calibrated and validated using collected data. Notably, the experiments revealed organized large-scale vortex structures moving along vegetation edges. In the small-scale flume, the longitudinal height of these structures measured around 1.2 m, while in the large-scale model, it extended up to 15 m. The penetration of these structures into vegetation regions ranged from about 10 cm to 2 m in the small-scale and large-scale cases, respectively.
