The aim of the present study is to investigate the interaction between waves and vegetation at the blade scale. The primary objectives are two: first, to introduce a direct numerical technique that involves a two-way coupling between a fluid solver and a structural solver, and second, to present novel experimental data for a single flexible cylinder serving as validation for the present (and future) numerical model(s).
Graphical abstract: A composite graphic displaying a side-view snapshot from the laboratory alongside a digital replica (numerical flume) generated using the coupled SPH-FEA model. The horizontal water velocity is plotted using a jet color gradient, while the flexible cylinder is represented in grey color.
